Australia, at one and the same time an island, a country and a continent, is impressive for its sheer size and diversity. A former penal colony of the British Empire, the country was stormed by gold prospectors in the nineteenth century after this precious metal was discovered on its territory. Despite this period of rapid growth, the population of Australia has remained quite small and the aboriginal population is in continuous decline. It is a country of magnificent scenery, with rare and unusual flora and fauna which are of constant concern to those responsible for their preservation. Apart from the wild heart of the country, the bush, and its animals (which include the kangaroo and the koala), Australia boasts some magnificent coastline, which is a paradise for surfers and bathers alike. This is also where the major cities of the country are to be found, a testament to modern Western architecture.